VLOOKUP is widely used and works well for straightforward tables, but it has limitations. The lookup value must normally be in the first column of the selected table and inserting columns can break the return column number.
Start with the obvious checks
XLOOKUP is generally more flexible. It can look left or right, uses separate lookup and return ranges, and can provide a custom result when no match is found. It also makes many formulas easier to read.
What else to check
However, VLOOKUP may still be needed for compatibility with older Excel versions. For complex workbooks, INDEX/MATCH or XLOOKUP can provide a more robust structure.
When to get help
Get help modernising an Excel workbook without breaking the existing logic.